Nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines.



PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

H. S. BALDWIN.

NOZZLE FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.3.1905.

2 SHBETSSHEBT 1.

Inventor; ++erwvy$fradwm o tty U NITED STATES HENRY S. BALDWIN PATENT OFFICE.

OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS. ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL NEW YORK NOZZLE FOR ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Yatented Aug. 28, 1906.

Applicatio filed Harch 3 lllOfi. Serial No. 248,206.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY S. BALDWIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Imrovements in Nozzles for Elastic-Fluid Tur ines, of which he following is a specification. a

My invention relates to nozzles and nozzle units for elastic-fluid turbines; and it aims to im prove their construction and to lessen the cost of manufacture. To realize these objects, I have devised a method by which the in dividual nozzles are made from tubular stock and are then mounted in supportinglates to form units, which are adapted to e removably assembled in the turbine.

The invention has to do. more particularly with that type of nozzle which converts the ressure energy of the motive fluid into veocity; but it is not limited altogether to such nozzles. This type of nozzle usually comprises a passage formed with a bowl or enlargement at the receiving end and an ex panding dischar e portion that connects with the bowl throug a contracted throat.

Informing the nozzles I employ a tubular blank of the required length, diameter, and thickness and mill or otherwise form a lon itudinal slot at the end where the bowl is to Ive shaped. The blank is then placed in a suitable die and the slotted portion expanded.

and offset to shape the bottom of the bowl. In a second die or in another ortion of the first die the remaining part of tfie blank is exanded to formapassagc whose area increases rorn the point adjacent to the partiallyformed bowl, where the original size and shape of the blank is preserved to form the contracted throat to the outer end to con stitute the dischar e portion of the nozzle. If thenozzle is to e of the non-expanding type, the second die will merely give it the desired shape and size. The cross-section of the throat and dischar e portion may be s uare, rectangular, or 0 any desired shape. T e blank is next placed in another die and the bowl completed by forming the wall thereof. The wall is preferably cylindrical and is disposed at an angle to the axis of the discharge portion of the nozzle. It ma however, be any other shape and the bowl e arranged coaxially with the discharge portion. The former arrangement is best, however, sinceit enables the nozzles to be more closely nested. After the shaping of the bowl the ends of the nozzles are dressed oil at the proper angle. Thereby the nozzle is completed and ready for mounting in its support.

It may be desirable to heat the blanks for certain or all of the steps in the drawin process, or the nozzle may be formedcold, depending largely upon the character of metal employed. Making the nozzles by drawing as described necessitates very little finishing, as the surfaces which guide and direct the fluid are perfectly smooth. It is to be noted, furthermore, that the fiber of the metal lies parallel with the direction of flow of the motive fluid. Hence any wear of the surfaces in contact with the motive fluid tends to keep them smooth, and thereby maintaining the friction between the fluid and the walls of the nozzles at a minimum.

After the formation of the nozzles they are mounted in su porting-plates, which latter, together with tlie nozzles, constitute the nozzle units. Each unit may include a single nozzle, or it may, and preferably does, include a group of nozzles, constituting what is commonlytermed a sectionalized nozzle. The supporting-plate is preferably a se ment having a curvature corresponding substantially to that of the circumference of tho bucketwhccl; but, if desired, the plate may form a ring extending entirely around the wheel. A ain, the nozzles may be mounted in a suitab e part or parts of the casing-wall and in the diaphragms of the turbine. Nozzle-orifices are provided in the plate correspondin in number to that of the nozzles intende to comprise the unit. Extending from one side of each orifice is a groove whose walls are shaped to closely fit around or engage the exterior of the nozzle at the throat and serve to hold the nozzle in a fixed position. The center lines of the throat-engagin grooves extend in the same direction and su stantially tangential to the wheel-buckets, so that when the nozzles are in position the column of fluid discharged through them will impinge against the buckets at the proper angle.

To secure a nozzle in the supporting-plate,

throat wil orifice in such a manner that the enter the throat-engaging groove. he onlice may be tapered so as to be wider at the end opposite the groove, so that by expand ing the bowl in the orifice to lit the tapered wall thereof the nozzle will liclmldsccurely in place, or the wall of the bowl may be made of such length that when the nozzle is insorted in position the upper end thereof will project somewhat beyond the plate. The l projecting end of the wall then expanded or flanged against the surface of the plate. If desired, each orifice may be slightly counterbored, so as-to form a recess or depression into which the expanded portion. or flange is firmly pressed. According to either method the nozzle or nozzles are securely hold in place both at the bowl and the throat.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of the invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a tubular blank from which a nozzle is to he made. h is a similar View showing; the first step of [he process-namely. that ol slotting the end of the blank where the bowl to be formed. Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sections taken at right angles to each other of the die for formlng and oflsettirn the bottom of the bowl and showing the lank therein. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the die shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the se me being inverted for shaping the discharge portion of the nozzle. Fig. 6 1s a section of the die for completing the shaping of the bowl. Fig. 7 is a trans verse section on line"? 7, F 6. Figs. 8 and 9 are res ectively a side elevation and a l0nitudinal section of the finished nozzle. igs. l0 and 11 are transverse sections of a discharge portion of the nozzle, taken on lines 10 10 and 11 ll of Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a fragmentary,sectionalview of a turbine structure, showing a nozzle unit, one of the sections or nozzles being removed from the supporting ole to, the section being taken on line 12 1B of Eig. 13. Fig. 13 a section taken on line 1-3 13 of Fig. 12, and Fig. 141's a longitudinal ssotion of a modified form of nozzle unit.

I have elected to illustrate the method of drawing nozzles as eniiployed for i inc a nozzle whose bowl is disposed with its axis at an angle to that of the discharge portion. it is to be understood, however, that rwzzles of that type wherein. the bowl and large portion are coaxial may also be made mg to my method.

\efernng to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the blank 1 is a drawn tube of any suitable metal and of the required size. In. order to form. the bowl of the nozzle, a longitudinal slot 2 is milled or otherwise formed in the blank 1 at one end, Fig. 2, which is out awe or enlarged at its inner end 3 to enable the proper z-iprcmi ing of the metal in the punchingoperation. The bowl of the nozzle is shaped in two open ations, duri the first of which the bottom is formed an during the second the cvlinde ordlatter rests on the expanding from wall. For the first step I employ a die 4.

a punch 5, Figs. 3 and 1. The die consists of two parts 6 and 7, correspondingly grooved and recessed to constitute a blank-receiving bore 8 and a bowl-forming depression 9. The parts are rcmovably secured 1n pro er alinement by dowels 10 and are clanlpe" together by a ring 11, in which they wedge. The depression 9 and the punch may be of any desired. configuration. In the present instance they are substantially elliptical in cross-section. The portion. 12, Fig. 3, which constitutes the effective part of the die for forming the bottom of the bowl, is more or less flat and is slightly offset from the bore 8. The length of the depression is somewhat longer than the slot 2 in the blank, so that that portion of the blank adjacent the cut-away part 3 can be spread by the punch simultaneously with the shaping of the bottom 13 to form the portion 14 of the wall of the bowl. In order to prevent the thin wall of the blank from being cru slied'arul deformed during the recess of shaping the bowl, a pilot 15 is ormed on the punch, which is adapted to extend down through the bore of the blank, and thereby maintain the proper shape of that portion of the blank wh1ch is not acted on by the punch proper. The lower end of the pilot extends below the end of the blank, which platen or table 17 of the punching-machine and enters a socket 16 in the table.

I prefer to employ the same die for expanding and shaping the discharge portion of the nozzle as is used for forming the bottom of the bowl. For this purpose the bore 8 is made according to the desired configuration, the point ad'acent the de pression-9 to its outer end an quadrilateral 1n section. After the blank is. shaped, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the die with the blank therein is inverted and laced on the table 17 of the punching-mac line in the position shown in Fig. 5 ior the o ration of forming the discharge portion 0 the nozzle. The punch 18 for this operation is provided. with a. shank 19 of square or rectangular cross-section, which tapers from its root to the tip 20, where it emerges into a cylindrical section. The punch when depressed into the die operates, bv means of its taper, to rogressively expan the blank to form the discharge portion 21 of the nozzle, while the tip- 20 preserves the original size and stock at the portion 22, which constitutes the contracted throat of the nozzle. After the shaping of the discharge portion 21 the partially-formed nozzle is next placed in a die 23, Fi s. 6 and 7, for the second or final part of t e bowlformin operation. This die comprises a block aving a cylindrical depression 24 in itsngpper'surfaee of suitable depth and incl at its bottom. Extending laterally from the depression and in the up 17 surface of block is a slot 25, provide with side tially-i'orme -are comparatively guide-walls 26, which extend in one direction parallel with the axis of the depression. The walls are parallel or flaring, as the case may be, to correspond to the shape of the discharge portion 21 of nozzle, which snugly, but movably, fits between them. The bottom of the slot is also inclined and odset from the bottom of the depression to correspond to the oll'set portion of the nozzle between the discharge portion and the bottom of the bowl )3, as formed in the two previous operations. A plug 27 fitted into the discharge portion to give rigidity thereto and to serve as a means for the operator to hold the nozzle during the unching operation. The pard blank is placed in the die in an inclined position, with the discharge portion 21 dis need in the guide-slot 25, as shown in dotte lines, Fig. 6, and the outer end of the bottom 13 held a ainst a' guide or abutment 28, formed on t e back of the die. The punch 29, which corresponds in configuration to the depression, is next operated and presses the bowl into the depression, completing thereby the shaping of the cylindrical wall 30. Under the movement of the punch the blank moves bodily downward into the die, and the walls of the slot engaging with the discharge portion 21 ,of the blank guide the latter so that the wall 30 of the bowl is firmed at the desired angle and in proper relation to the dischar e portion. After the forming of the bowl the ends of the nozzles are finished as by milling or otherwise. It has been found best in practice to finish these ends perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bowl, as shown in Fig. 8.

Nozzles formed in the manner described smooth and require little or no polishing, and as the fiber of the metal extends in the general direction of the fiov: of the motive fluid any wear tends to keep the walls smooth.

The completed nozzles are next mounted in their supports, which may be suitable fixed parts of the turbine structure. I prefer to employ removable plates, which, with the nozzles, constitute what I term the nozzle units. A unit may include a single nozzle, or, as shown in Figs. 12 and 1.3, it may include a greater number of nozzles. The nozzles are mounted in the supporting-plate 31, which is secured by bolts 32 to the stationary art 33. of the turbine, the latter being a sad, a diaphragm, or any other part. The

plate is usually segmental and extends a short distance around the periphery of the bucketwheel 34 at one side thereof. ever, be larger and even a ring carrying a complete circle of nozzles. The nozzles are disposed in an are adjacent to the buckets 35 of the wheel, so as to-discharge motive fluid against them.

In order to support the nozzles in the plate It may, how- 42 and. the contracted throats 43.

' stantial uniform 3 1, the latter is provided with orifices or op enings 36, the right-hand one in Figs. 12 and 13 being shown empty.\ Extending from one side of the orifices are corresponding grooves 37 or other equivalent means which engage with the throat portion of the nozzles. The nozzle at the left is mounted in the supportinglate first and the others follow successive y. To mount a nozzle, the bowl is inserted into one of the orifices 36, and the throat into the groove, and when this p0.- sition the upper end of the c lindricafwall 30 of the nozzle projects a slig t distance be ond the surface of the plate. The projectmg end is then expanded, so as to form a retainin -fiange 38. The orifices 36 areslightly counterbored to provide depressions J39,into which the flanges are tightly pressed. The nozzles are thus securely held in the supporting'plate, both at the bowls and the throats, the throat-engaging grpoves serving also to prevent the nozzles from turning in the nozzle-receiving orifices. Another way of -se curing the nozzles in the supporting-plate 15 to provide each nozzle-receiving orifice with a slight taper, so as to be of larger diameter at its upper end, and after the nozzle is assembled in the orifice the cylindrical wall of the bowl is merely ex anded to closely fit the opening, thereby hol ing the nozzle in place. In Fig. 14 I have shown a modified form of nozzle unit. This comprises a supportingplate 40, in which the bowls 41 of the nozzles are formed. Hence the drawn part of the nozzles comprises simply the discharge portions The nozzles are received in orifices 44 in the support ing-plate into which the throat ends of the nozzles are inserted and then expanded into recesses 45 at the inner ends of the bowls, thus securely holding them in position. The portion of the nozzle expanded into the recess 45 forms a part of the nozzle-bowl. Since the drawn part of the nozzle lacks the bowl, the

rocess of making it is much simpler than 1n the form previously described.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire tohave it understood that the apparates shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out b other means.

What I claim as new, and esire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. As an artiele' of manufacture, a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines comprisin a tube having an expanmed bow and a isehar e portion, the wall of the nozzle being of en thickness.

2. As an article of manufacture nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines com rising a tube having an expanded bowl, an an expanded oiseharge portion, the wall of the nozzle bo- 1 unit for ElfifitlG-flllld turbines, comprising mg of substantially uniform thickness.

3. As an article of'manufaobure; w nomle for elaetiwfiuid' turbines comprising a who having an enlarged bowl, an expanded dis charge portion, and a connected throat conneoting them; hhewwll of thenozzle being of substantially unif onm thickness,

4. As on wrllielo of uni fl for elasiiic-fiuid tunbines=, comprising one or more tube-nozzles eachlin vingiwpropei lyshaped discharge portion, and a supportingplate adopted the turbine-in which the'nozzle or nozzlesome SBCIIDGLL by expanding.

5a Ants on article ofmanufaeture, a nozzle unit for elusbioefluid; fiunbinoe, eompnising tube-nozzles each adapted to be removably mounted in the tunbine amipnovidedwith a bowl portion, and w suppontingplwte halving orifices-foo reoeivin the bowl pontionof the nozzles andiin whio the said portions are socured by expanding.

6. Asa/n article of manufaxitune, a nozzle unit for elastiefiuid turbines, comprising. tubeqiozzles eachihaving a bowl and on expanding discharge pontion connected by a contractedthxroanangi alate adapted hobo removabl mountedi in e turbine and provided wit om'fices-iniwhielit'he'bowls are seouted-by fl'angin 7. As an. art-i0 e of manufooture, a nozzle manufacture, a nozzleto be vemovably mounted in tube-nozzles each having a bowl, and an expending discharge portion disposed at: an an-- gle'theveto-and connected b i a; throat, e supporting-plate provided witlibowl-reeeiving orifices, throwt-engaging'meens on the plate which the ori cooperate wish said means nozzles in position;

8-. As an article of manufacture, a, nozzle unit for elastio-fluid turbines, comprising tube-nozzleseach halving. a) bowl, w discharge portion disposed wt on thereto and conneoted by a throat, e supporting-plate providedwith bowl-receiving orifiees, endengw lady-disposed throat-engaging grooves, and securing flanges formed on the liowlsto secure the'nozzles in pllloe in the orifices and grooves.

9. In a nozzle forelastio-fluid tiurbines, a segmental plate provided with transverselyextending nozzle receiving openings and throat-engaging slots whioli extend in the SiMDBdlIBCUiOH one'from each opening.

In witness whereof I havelieleunto set my hand this lst day of Moroli, 1905-.

HENRY S. BALDWIN.

ees, and flanges on the bowie which for Holding tilie Wifinesses:

ALEX. F. M-AonoNALD, JOHN A. MeMANUs", J1

nevent the nozzles from burning in 

